1. Rabin, Y; Steif, P S; Taylor, M J; Julian, T B; Wolmark, N.
An experimental study of the mechanical response of frozen biological
tissues at cryogenic temperatures.
Cryobiology, v.33, n.4, (1996): 472-482.
Abstract:
An experimental study of the mechanical response of frozen soft biological
tissues to applied compressive stresses is presented. This study is
related to the mechanical stresses that develop due to the contraction of
frozen tissues in cryopreservation as well as in cryosurgical procedures.
The main concept in this study is that the stresses associated with the
constrained contraction of the frozen tissue, i.e., due to temperature
variations within the frozen tissue, can be simulated by an external
mechanical load which is applied to the frozen tissue while the tissue is
maintained at a uniform temperature. A new apparatus for measuring
compressive stresses and strains of frozen biological tissues in cryogenic
temperature range is presented. A new technique for processing the fresh
biological tissue into a cylindrical frozen sample for mechanical testing
is introduced. Results of compression tests on rabbit liver, kidney, and
brain are presented and are compared with available data from the
literature on sea ice and single ice crystals. An unusual response of
frozen biological tissues to compressive stress was observed: after the
initial, roughly linear elastic portion there was a series of sudden
stress drops at constant strain, each followed by a linear increase of
stress with strain to the next drop. This phenomenon, which is attributed
to the accumulation of microcracks, broadly resembles plastic deformation,
and thus provides some support for simple mechanical models invoked in
theoretical studies.
2. Borkowski, P; Robinson, M J; Poppiti, R J Jr; Nash, S C.
Histologic findings in postcryosurgical prostatic biopsies.
Modern Pathology, v.9, n.8, (1996): 807-811.
Abstract:
The increasing use of cryosurgical ablation of the prostate for prostatic
carcinoma necessitates that surgical pathologists be aware of the
cryosurgically induced histologic changes in the prostate. Twenty-one
patients at our institution underwent prostatic cryosurgery, and 17
subsequently had follow-up biopsies. The Gleason combined scores ascribed
to the original tumors were 4 (two patients), 5 (six patients), 6 (seven
patients), 7 (one patient), and 8 (one patient). Histologic examination
revealed residual carcinoma (four patients, with Gleason combined scores
of 4, 5, 6, and 8), necrosis (all 17 patients), hyalinization (nine
patients), fibrosis (nine patients), granulomatous inflammation (three
patients), foci of calcification (eight patients), squamous metaplasia
(four patients), transitional metaplasia (two patients), hemosiderin
deposition (six patients), edema (two patients), bacterial colonization
(one patient), and hemorrhage (one patient). The grade of residual
carcinoma in all four patients was identical with the grade assigned
before the cryosurgical ablation. The stroma surrounding the residual
tumor did not display any postcryosurgical histologic changes, and we
postulate that these areas were not adequately frozen. In conclusion,
prostatic cryotherapy induces a variety of histologic changes in normal
and diseased tissue.
3. Falconieri, G; Lugnani, F; Zanconati, F; Signoretto, D; Di Bonito, L.
Histopathology of the frozen prostate: The microscopic bases of prostatic
carcinoma cryoablation.
Pathology Research and Practice, v.192, n.6, (1996): 579-587.
Abstract:
In the last few years percutaneous cryoablation surgery of the prostate
has been reintroduced as an alternative means to treat prostatic
carcinoma. Advantages of the technique include local effectiveness in
eradicating tumors, minimal morbidity rate and lower costs when compared
to radical surgery. We report a study documenting the histopathological
changes seen in 317 biopsy specimens obtained from 30 patients (age range
59-83 years, median 73 years) treated with cryosurgical ablation for
prostate cancer. Pre- and postoperatory assessment was inclusive of plain
clinical, laboratory and instrumental data (digital rectal examination,
transrectal ultrasound scan, serum prostatic specific antigen
concentration) and systematic biopsies obtained from conventional and
modified prostate sextants. Fifteen patients had tumors extending through
the prostate capsule (pT3 and pT4). Six patients had stage pT1 tumors and
9 had stage pT2. Tissues were sampled at 3, 6 and between 12-18 months
postoperatively. The histologic findings, in decreasing order of
frequency, were: full core fibrosis, necrosis, granulation tissue, basal
cell hyperplasia, cell swelling, hemosiderin deposits, chronic
inflammation, thick nerves and prostatic hyperplasia. Necrosis was of the
coagulative type, sometimes associated with nuclear debris, and seen at
relatively short interval from cryotherapy. Fibrosis with hyaline
qualities was seen especially at 12-18 month interval. The presence of
necrosis, as well as granulation tissue, hemosiderin deposits and cell
swelling, strongly correlate to intervals from cryosurgical ablation.
Residual tumor tissue was focal (0.5-1 mm) and recognizable in 9 cores
from 4 patients (13.3%) sampled especially from the prostatic apex.
Incipient tumor necrosis was seen in 11 cores, without particular
distribution. These findings indicate that cryosurgery results in
distinctive changes in both tumoral and nontumoral prostate tissue.
Knowledge of the histopathologic patterns is important since it provides
the clinicians with information on treatment efficacy or failure, and
could assist in the selection of larger groups of patients eligible to
cryosurgical ablation.
4. Cox, R L; Crawford, E D.
Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate: The con side in 1996.
Urology, v.48, n.2, (1996): 181-183.
5. Cohen, J K.
Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate: PRO.
Urology, v.48, n.2, (1996): 178-180.
6. Onofre San Martin, A.
Prevention of skin cancer.
Geriatrika (Madrid), v.12, n.5, (1996): 32-39.
Language: Spanish.
MedLine Database:
1. Palmer EA.
The continuing threat of retinopathy of prematurity [editorial].
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1996 Sep, 122(3):420-3.
Pub type: Editorial.
(UI: 96387175)
2. Saito Y; Hatsukawa Y; Lewis JM; Koike H; Omoto T; Tano Y.
Macular coloboma-like lesions and pigment abnormalities as complications
of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth-weight
infants.
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1996 Sep, 122(3):299-308.
(UI: 96387162)
Abstract: PURPOSE: Cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is
effective in reducing the incidence of blindness in premature infants.
However, macular complications associated with successful treatment have
not yet been well studied. METHODS: Eighteen very low birth-weight (< 1,251
g) infants (32 eyes) who received cryotherapy for ROP were examined
serially for regression of disease and for development of macular
abnormalities. Patient characteristics and treatment factors were evaluated
to identify risk factors associated with the development of macular
abnormalities after successful cryotherapy. RESULTS: Eleven of 32 eyes
(34.4%) that had undergone cryotherapy developed significant macular
abnormalities, including macular coloboma-like change (six eyes), macular
hyperpigmentation (two eyes), irregularly mottled macular hyperpigmentation
and hypopigmentation (two eyes), and macular hyperpigmentation and
hypopigmentation with subretinal proliferation (one eye). Corrected visual
acuity in affected eyes ranged from 0.15 to 0.03 (20/133 to 20/666)
compared with 1.0 to 0.2 (20/20 to 20/100) in treated eyes without macular
abnormality (P = .0002). No difference in gestational age was noted between
infants who did or did not develop macular coloboma-like lesions or pigment
abnormalities. Eyes with macular abnormality had more posterior disease (P
= .037) and received significantly more cryotherapy than did eyes without
macular abnormality (P = .0005). CONCLUSIONS: In very low birth-weight
infants receiving cryotherapy for ROP, development of macular coloboma-like
lesions and macular pigment abnormalities were related to greater severity
of ROP and a greater amount of cryotherapy. Macular abnormalities were
associated with markedly worse visual outcomes than were treated eyes
without macular abnormality.
3. Ocampo-Candiani J; Cueva-Rodriguez JA.
Cryosurgical treatment of pearly penile papules.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1996 Sep, 35(3 Pt 1):486-7.
(UI: 96378733)
4. Ruers TJ; Wobbes T; van der Sluis RF; Jager GJ.
[Changed diagnosis and treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (letter)].
Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 1996 Aug 3, 140(31):1618.
Language: Dutch.
Pub type: Letter.
(UI: 96364306)
5. McMasters KM; Edwards MJ.
Liver cryosurgery.
Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association, 1996 Jun, 94(6):222-9.
Pub type: Journal Article; Review; Review, Tutorial.
(UI: 96393223)
Abstract: Liver cryosurgery is a relatively new form of treatment for
unresectable liver cancer that involves in situ ablation of liver tumors by
freezing them with liquid nitrogen. Cryosurgery has been used mainly to
treat liver metastases from colorectal cancer, but other types of
metastases and primary liver cancers have been treated as well. Results of
liver cryosurgery over the past decade have demonstrated that it is a safe
and effective treatment for malignant liver tumors. Because only a small
percentage of primary and metastatic liver tumors are resectable,
cryosurgery offers a potentially curative treatment option for patients
with unresectable disease.
6. Edell ES.
Future therapeutic procedures.
Chest Surgery Clinics of North America, 1996 May, 6(2):381-95.
Pub type: Journal Article; Review; Review, Tutorial.
(UI: 96315350)
Abstract: Management of disorders of the tracheobronchial tree have advanced
significantly since the first use of the rigid bronchoscope by Gustav
Killian. The addition of the flexible bronchofiberscope by Shigeto Ikeda
offered a second generation of new therapeutic opportunities. The future
use of thoracic endoscopy will depend upon the application and improvement
of technologies that currently exist in addition to those not yet
developed. There are three current technologies which are being improved
and may be applicable in the future management of diseases of the
tracheobronchial tree and these include cryotherapy, electrosurgery, and
photodynamic therapy.
7. Serpier H; Frecourt C; Cambie MP; Salmon-Ehr V; Esteve E; Kalis B.
[Vulvar lymphangiectasis 14 years after treatment for epidermoid carcinoma
of the cervix. Treatment with cryosurgery].
Annales de Dermatologie et de Venereologie, 1996, 123(2):96-9.
Language: French.
(UI: 96341272)
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lymphangiectasia are different from lymphangioma
because they arise following damage to the deeper lymphatic vessels. No
clinical or histological features are known to distinguish lymphangioma
from lymphangiectasia. CASE REPORT: We report a case of vulvar
lymphangiectasia occurring 14 years after therapy of squamous carcinoma of
the cervix (surgery and post-operative radiotherapy). Our treatment was
cryosurgery. DISCUSSION: We analysed the 12 case reports of vulvar
lymphangiectasia in the literature, emphasizing misleading clinical aspect
of the warty lesions and the risk of repeated infection justifying an
appropriate treatment. We propose cryosurgery which provides real benefits
with a minimal trauma.
8. Michel JL; Guiguen Y; Leger F; Gain P; Valanconny C; Cambazard F.
[Human papillomavirus 6/11 in conjunctival papilloma].
Annales de Dermatologie et de Venereologie, 1996, 123(2):90-2.
Language: French.
(UI: 96341270)
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Human papilloma virus is highly prevalent, but rarely
localized in the conjunctiva. CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old man with no past
history of skin or mucosal disease consulted for tumefaction of the
conjunctiva. Exeresis revealed a viral papilloma. In situ hybridization was
positive for human papilloma virus 6/11. DISCUSSION: Conjunctival lesions
of human papilloma virus are often located in the caroncula as in our
patient. The papillomatous aspect of the tumour may suggest squamous cell
carcinoma (sometimes induced by human papillomavirus 16/18). Contamination
may be manual or occur at birth via the maternal genital mucosa. Treatment
usually is based on wide exeresis with cryo-application although
spontaneous regression is possible.
9. Boccon-Gibod L.
The management of localised cancer of the prostate.
European Urology, 1996, 29 Suppl 2:62-8.
Pub type: Journal Article; Review; Review, Tutorial.
(UI: 96309002)
Abstract: Localised prostate cancer (T1/T2) can be managed using a conservative
(expectant) approach or by radical treatment with curative intent.
Expectant management involves observation until symptoms of local/distant
progression appear. Radical treatment with intent to cure is based on the
destruction (radiation therapy or cryosurgery) or removal (surgery) of the
tumour. Many options are offered to patients with T1/T2 prostate cancer.
Expectant therapy may be considered in patients with limited life
expectancy, curative treatment should be considered in the others, taking
into account the high rate of cancer-related deaths after 10 years.
Moreover, accurate staging should lead to a better selection of patients
likely to be cured by monotherapy (surgery or radiation therapy depending
on the patient's and doctor's biases). Surgery probably offers the
advantage of the certainty of removal over the hypothetical destruction of
the whole tumour provided by radiation therapy.
10. Bayles MA.
Chromomycosis.
Current Topics in Medical Mycology, 1995, 6:221-43.
Pub type: Journal Article; Review; Review, Academic.
(UI: 96315411)
11. Jarzab G; Rozylo TK.
The efficiency of cryosurgery in the treatment of maxillo-facial
haemangiomata.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sectio D, Medicina, 1994,
49:151-3.
(UI: 96367733)
12. Gilbert WS; Quinn GE; Dobson V; Reynolds J; Hardy RJ; Palmer EA.
Partial retinal detachment at 3 months after threshold retinopathy of
prematurity. Long-term structural and functional outcome. Multicenter
Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group.
Archives of Ophthalmology, 1996 Sep, 114(9):1085-91.
Pub type: Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized
Controlled Trial.
(UI: 96382229)
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the structural and functional outcome at
age 4 1/2 years of eyes that had partial retinal detachment (RD) at 3
months after the occurrence of threshold retinopathy of prematurity; these
eyes were involved in the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy
of Prematurity study. METHODS: Of the 531 eyes in the randomized portion of
the Multicenter Trial of Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity study,
61 had partial RD at the 3-month examination. The extent of retinal
involvement was recorded, and the presence of a foveal detachment was
noted. At the examination conducted at age 4 1/2 years, the fundus
structure was graded into cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity outcome
categories by study ophthalmologists, and the visual acuity was measured by
masked examiners using the Teller Acuity Card procedure and the crowded
HOTV recognition acuity test. RESULTS: Of the 61 eyes, 7 eyes continued to
have partial RD at age 4 1/2 years. Of the remaining eyes, 20 eyes had
structural outcomes classified as favorable in the Multicenter Trial of
Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity study, and 27 eyes had
unfavorable structural outcomes. Data were unrecordable for 3 eyes and
missing for 4 eyes. No difference in outcome was found for eyes with
partial RD at 3 months that had undergone cryotherapy vs eyes that had
served as controls. Only 6 eyes had a visual acuity better than 20/200.
When partial RDs did not involve the fovea at 3 months, structural and
functional outcomes at 4 1/2 years were better than when RDs involved the
fovea. The best predictor of outcome was the extent of RD at 3 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Partial RD present 3 months after threshold retinopathy of
prematurity is unstable anatomically, and the visual outcome is generally
poor. Structure and function at 4 1/2 years are related to the extent of RD
and the involvement of the fovea at 3 months.
1. Rakover, Y; Rosen, G.
A comparison of partial inferior turbinectomy and cryosurgery for
hypertrophic inferior turbinates.
Journal of Laryngology and Otology, v.110, n.8, (1996): 732-735.
Abstract:
A variety of surgical procedures are performed for treatment of
hypertrophic inferior turbinates, but there is no completely effective
therapy. We evaluated subjectively and objectively 52 patients who
underwent one of two procedures: partial inferior turbinectomy (PIT) or
cryosurgery of the inferior turbinates (CS). The results of PIT showed
good functional results in 77 per cent of cases for long-term
effectiveness. The results of CS showed that effectiveness was reduced
from a 62 per cent success rate after one year to 35 per cent later, but
CS was a simple procedure which was performed on an outpatient basis with
no postoperative morbidity.
2. Ocampo-Candiani, J; Cueva-Rodriguez, J A.
Cryosurgical treatment of pearly penile papules.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, v.35, n.3 PART 1, (1996):
486-487.
MedLine Database:
1. Niguez Carbonell JC; Garcia-Marcos Alvarez LV; Guillen Perez JJ; Guillen
Marco A; Barbero Mari P.
[Condylomata acuminata in children: a case report, update and management
protocol].
Anales Espanoles de Pediatria, 1996 Mar, 44(3):292-4.
Language: Spanish.
Pub type: Journal Article; Review; Review of Reported Cases.
(UI: 96389717)
2. Xiang L; Zhang W; Hu Y.
[A study on cryotherapy of experimental posterior penetrating eye injury].
Chung-Hua Yen Ko Tsa Chih Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, 1996 Jan,
32(1):56-9.
Language: Chinese.
(UI: 96335877)
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to investigate the effects of
cryotherapy on intraocular tissues in ocular penetrating injury, and an
experimental study was made on rabbits. METHODS: The penetrating injury
models in both eyes of 23 (46 eyes) pigmental rabbits were performed.
Cryotherapy was applied after the operation in the left eye but not in the
right eye (the control) of each animal. All the pupils of the eyes were
dilated and examined by ophthalmoscope and B-scan at different time after
the operation. Enucleations were performed at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months
and the enucleated eyeballs were examined pathologically by light and
electron microscopy. The synchronous fundus and pathological changes were
evaluated and analyzed statistically (Pearson Chi-square test). RESULTS:
The intraocular reaction and proliferation in cryotreated group was much
more severe than those in the control one (P = 0.027), especially in the
vitreous (P = 0.016). The incidence of tractional retinal detachment in
cryotreated group was higher than that in the control. CONCLUSION: It is
suggested that the prophylactic cryotherapy in the posterior penetrating
ocular injury of rabbits increase intraocular proliferation.
3. Hammer ME; Pusateri TJ; Hess JB; Sosa R; Stromquist C.
Threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Transition from cryopexy to laser
treatment.
Retina, 1995, 15(6):486-9.
(UI: 96358690)
Abstract: PURPOSE: The authors studied the effectiveness of laserpexy versus
cryopexy for treatment of acute retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS:
Seventy-six eyes in 41 patients were treated for acute retinopathy of
prematurity from January 1991 to April 1994. RESULTS: Fifty-six eyes in 30
patients had zone 2 disease. Of these 30 patients, 11 received laser
treatment and 20 received cryopexy treatment; there was at least one
anatomically successful eye in each patient. Twenty eyes in ten patients
had zone 1 disease. Seven patients had bilateral laser treatment. Three
patients had bilateral cryopexy. In seven eyes with zone 1 disease, five
were treated successfully with laser. None of the three eyes with zone 1
disease treated with cryopexy were successful. CONCLUSION: Laserpexy and
cryopexy are of equal efficacy in treating zone 2 disease. There is a
tendency that suggests that laserpexy is more effective than cryopexy in
treating zone 1 disease. Diode and argon lasers are of equal efficacy in
treating zone 1 disease.